I come across all sorts of articles- this one sounds a bit alarmist though I have had a lot of radiation over the years... something to keep in mind.
Sophisticated medical imaging techniques such as CT scans have to a large extent replaced the traditional physical examination as the mainstay of diagnosis. In 2006, almost 60 million CT scans were performed in the US alone. Without any doubt, this kind of imaging has helped save countless lives. But there is another and more disquieting side to CT scanning that is seldom discussed. Like any imaging technique that uses ionizing radiation, CT is capable of causing cancer.
In an article in this week's British Medical Journal, entitled "CT Scanning: Too Much of a Good Thing, " Steven Birnbaum, a New Hampshire radiologist, expresses alarm over what he calls "the epidemic of exposure to diagnostic radiation," and warns that many doctors - including radiologists - have only very limited knowledge of the dosages involved in medical imaging. Worse, many seem to be unaware of the potential consequences of such exposure (Birnbaum 2007).
The National Academy of Sciences report on the biological effects of ionizing radiation (known as BEIR VII) offers perhaps the most thorough and definitive scientific analysis of the risks involved in diagnostic medical imaging. According to this report, previous estimates have seriously understated the risks involved. "Every exposure to radiation produces a corresponding increase in cancer risk," the report states. The report calculates that a spiral CT scan of the abdomen exposes a patient to a radiation dose of approximately 10 mSv, which carries with it a 1 in 1000 risk of developing cancer. The risk for women and children is a great deal higher; for children, such a scan would carry a 1 in 500 risk of developing cancer.
Why has the contribution of diagnostic imaging to the subsequent development of cancer been so trivialized by the radiology profession? One reason is that many of the estimates of potential harm from medical imaging have been drawn from old studies that predated the sophisticated technology available today. However, the BEIR VII study, published in 2005, focuses specifically on current diagnostic imaging, and its conclusions cannot be dismissed as pertaining only to older machinery and outdated techniques.
The principle of informed consent in medicine requires that patients should be given full explanations of potential risks as well as the potential benefits of any proposed intervention. Until now, it has not been customary for patients to be told that there is any appreciable risk inherent in medical imaging. But there is no longer any excuse for radiologists to be unaware of these risks, nor to refrain from disclosing them to patients.
The efforts of Dr. Birnbaum to educate his fellow radiologists are admirable. As he states so trenchantly in his British Medical Journal article: "It is time that medicine in all specialties became aware of the epidemic of exposure to diagnostic radiation and did something about it."






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